Pluralism is a situation where two or more states, groups, principles, and sources of authority coexist. All human societies are made up of diverse races, languages, religions, classes, political groups and cultures.

This piece is not about proving pluralism in societies. This is an established and accepted fact, the purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of recognizing it. The recognition of pluralism in a society means that the people of each culture, language, religion, party and religion have equal status before the law and access to equal economic growth resources. Also, equal opportunities should be provided to them in political spheres and there should be no positive discrimination in favor of one and negative discrimination to the detriment of another.

Part of the crises and conflicts that are going on in the world comes from this source. That is, in a place where the plurality of societies is not recognized and the power apparatus, whether it is in the hands of an individual or a group or a movement, tries to deny others and make the whole society uniform according to its own opinion. Whether such an attempt is made out of good intentions or out of malice and with the intention of consciously suppressing someone who is considered “alien”, in any case the results will be dire and destructive. Here, it doesn’t matter that one side is considered the majority in terms of number and human quantity, and the other is the minority. Being a majority and being a minority in itself is neither a positive nor a negative value, and in no way can it be a reason for having privileges or being deprived of opportunities.

In addition, paying attention to minorities and protecting their rights is one of the important criteria for evaluating countries in terms of maturity and social maturity. In developed societies, there is this awareness that if the people of a particular religion, language or descent are supposedly the majority, they naturally have more opportunities, and there is no need to worry, and if their right is supposed to be lost, they can more easily claim their rights back. For this reason, the focus in these societies is to protect the rights of minorities and because they are more vulnerable, more measures should be taken to protect their rights and benefits. Therefore, the more developed and humane societies are, the more they pay attention to the rights of minorities, and those who are considered the majority feel this responsibility more than others.

The result of social evolution is, of course, that basically the discussion of majority and minority should fade away, and every citizen should have equal value and status with other citizens, and his individuality should be considered as a criterion for enjoying rights and privileges, not his group identity or descent. If a group seeks to advance a society toward prosperity, a part of its strategy should be to defend pluralism and support the diversity in a society so that all citizens feel safe and secure. The opposite trend of pluralism is exclusivism, which tries to control the public resources and exclude others. Exclusivism of any kind, be it religious, political, cultural, linguistic, or descent, is one of the main causes of bloody conflicts in human history. The elites of societies should buckle up in order to institutionalize pluralism and eliminate exclusivity.